A shadow has been cast over Ghana’s poultry industry with the confirmation of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) by a combined effort of the Veterinary Service Department (VSD) and the CSIR-Animal Research Institute. Extensive testing across nine regions of the country revealed a sobering reality: IB, a highly contagious viral disease belonging to the coronavirus family, is widespread and poses a significant threat to poultry production.
The economic impact of IB is particularly concerning. Researchers warn that infected birds suffer from a multitude of issues, including a decline in egg production, reduced overall output, and a mortality rate of up to 5%. These losses translate to substantial financial hardship for poultry farmers, with some even facing farm closures due to the disease’s relentless spread.
The situation’s urgency was underscored at a recent stakeholder workshop in Koforidua. Senior research scientists Dr. Matilda Ayim Akonnor and Dr. Theophilus Odoom presented their findings on the specific strains (serotypes and pathotypes) of IB circulating within Ghana’s poultry population. Their research paves the way for a crucial step in combating the disease: developing a targeted vaccination program.
“Our nationwide sampling confirmed the presence of the virus,” Dr. Ayim Akonnor stated. “Through detailed analysis, we’ve identified the specific serotypes currently circulating. This information is vital for designing an effective vaccination program to protect Ghana’s poultry industry.”
Dr. Odoom elaborated on the economic importance of their research: “The financial losses associated with IB are substantial, leading to farm closures and jeopardizing the livelihoods of countless poultry farmers. However, the good news is that our research has identified suitable vaccine types that can bolster the industry’s resilience against this disease.”
Hope emerged from the workshop with the announcement by Dr. Jonathan Amakye Anim, chairman of the Veterinary Council of Ghana. He confirmed plans to integrate IB vaccination into the national vaccination schedule, a move that could significantly reduce the disease’s impact. However, Dr. Anim also emphasized the need for swift action from regulatory bodies to expedite the approval process for these vital vaccines.
“The vaccination schedule is finalized,” said Dr. Amakye Anim. “We are collaborating closely with vaccine importers and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure the timely deployment of these vaccinations. Collaboration among all parties is critical to protecting our poultry business from additional losses.
The fight against IB requires a multi-pronged approach. Beyond vaccination, biosecurity measures on poultry farms will be crucial. This includes implementing strict hygiene protocols, controlling traffic flow within farms, and isolating sick birds to prevent further transmission. Additionally, raising awareness among poultry farmers about the signs and symptoms of IB will enable them to identify potential outbreaks swiftly and report them to the authorities for prompt intervention.
The revelation of IB in Ghana’s poultry business is a wake-up call. While the situation is serious, continuing studies and a planned immunization campaign provide some optimism. Researchers, government organizations, regulatory authorities, and poultry farmers may collaborate to develop a comprehensive strategy to slow the spread of IB, reduce economic losses, and safeguard Ghana’s poultry industry’s long-term health and productivity.
